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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%'><b><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>BÀI 13</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>II
NGỮ PHÁP </span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>*
Ngữ pháp 1: </span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho"'>　　</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho"'>もの　　　　　　　　　</span>+ <span
style='font-family:"MS Mincho"'>が</span> + <span style='font-family:"MS Mincho"'>ほしい</span>
+ <span style='font-family:"MS Mincho"'>です</span> + (<span style='font-family:
"MS Mincho"'>か</span>)&nbsp;(đồ vật) +&nbsp;+&nbsp;++ &lt;(ka)&gt; Cách dùng:
Dùng để biểu thị ý muốn có một cái gì đó.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'>Ví dụ:&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>いま、</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>あなた</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>なに</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>が</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>ほしい</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>か</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Bây giờ bạn muốn cái gì ?)&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>わたし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>パン</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>が</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほしい</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>です</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Tôi muốn có một ổ bánh mì.)&nbsp;<br>
<br>
* Ngữ pháp 2:&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>なに</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> + </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>が</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>(</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>を</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>,
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>へ</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>) + V </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> + </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>です</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
+ (</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>か</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>)&nbsp;<br>
&lt;Nani&gt; + &lt;ga(wo, e)&gt; + V&lt;tai&gt; + &lt;desu&gt; +
&lt;(ka)&gt;&nbsp;<br>
Động từ trông ngữ pháp này có đuôi là </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>たい</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tai&gt;,
cách đổi như sau:&nbsp;<br>
<br>
bỏ </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ます</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;masu&gt; thêm </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tai&gt;&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たべます</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tabe masu&gt;
--------------&gt; </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たべ</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tabe&gt;
---------------&gt; </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たべたい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tabe tai&gt; : muốn
ăn&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ねます</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;ne masu&gt;
--------------&gt; </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ね</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;ne&gt;
---------------&gt; </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ねたい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;ne tai&gt; : muốn
ngủ&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Cách dùng: Nói lên ước muốn được làm gì đó.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Ví dụ:&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>あした、</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>あなた</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>なに</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>を</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>したい</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>か</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Bạn muốn làm gì vào ngày mai ?)&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>あした、</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>わたし</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>いなか</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>へ</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>かえり</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeri tai desu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Ngày mai tôi muốn trở về quê.)&nbsp;<br>
<br>
A </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>さん</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>なに</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>を</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たべ</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>たい</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>か</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;A san wa nani wo tabe tai desu ka&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Anh A muốn ăn món gì vậy ?)&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>わたし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>てんぷら</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>を</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たべ</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>たい</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Tôi muốn ăn món tempura)&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Chú ý: Khi mà câu hỏi là </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほしい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;hoshii&gt; thì câu trả
lời phải là </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほしい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;hoshii&gt;. Còn câu hỏi
là </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tai&gt; thì câu trả lời
cũng phải là </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tai&gt;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
* Trường hợp phủ định của tính từ </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>ほしい</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;hoshii&gt;
và V</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tai&gt; (đây là động từ
nhưng phủ định như tính từ)&nbsp;<br>
- Vì đây là tính từ </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>い</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;i&gt; nên phủ định của
nó sẽ là:&nbsp;<br>
bỏ </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>い</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;i&gt; thêm </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>くない</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;kunai&gt;&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほしい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;hoshii&gt;
---------&gt; </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;hoshi&gt;
------------------&gt; </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほしくない</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;hoshi kunai&gt; (không
muốn)&nbsp;<br>
V</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;tai&gt; ---------&gt; V</span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>た</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;ta&gt; ------------------&gt; V</span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たくない</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;takunai&gt; (không muốn làm)&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Ví dụ:&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>わたし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>ともだち</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>が</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ほし</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>くない</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshi kunai desu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Tôi không muốn có bạn.) (Cô đơn )&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>わたし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>パン</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>が</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たべ</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>たくない</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;watashi wa PAN ga tabe takunai desu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Tôi không muốn ăn bánh mì.)&nbsp;<br>
<br>
* Ngữ pháp 3:&nbsp;<br>
Noun (nơi chốn) + </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>へ</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;e&gt; +Noun (V không </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>ます</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;masu&gt; + </span><span style='font-family:
HGGothicE;color:#333333'>に</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'>&lt;ni&gt; + </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>いきます</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'>&lt;iki masu&gt; / </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>きます</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;ki
masu&gt; / </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>かえります</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&lt;kaeri masu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
Cách dùng: Dùng khi muốn biểu thị ý rằng : đi đến đâu để làm gì đó.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Ví dụ:&nbsp;<br>
* Động từ&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>わたし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>は</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>にほん</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>へ</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>にほんご</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>を</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>べんきょうし</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>に</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;
color:#333333'>いき</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>たい</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'> </span><span
style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>です</span><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Tôi muốn đến Nhật Bản để học tiếng Nhật.)&nbsp;<br>
<br>
* Danh từ&nbsp;<br>
</span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>あした、　わたし　　は　　きょうと　の　　おまつり　に　いき　　ます</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<br>
&lt;ashita, watashi wa kyouto no omatsuri ni </span><span style='font-family:
HGGothicE;color:#333333'>　</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333'>iki </span><span style='font-family:HGGothicE;color:#333333'>　</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333'>masu&gt;&nbsp;<br>
(Ngày mai tôi đi đến lễ hội ở Tokyo)&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:windowtext'>&nbsp;</span></p>

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